Identify the graphic symbols for various types of hydraulic components. This course is limited to the study of centrifugal pumps. Small gear pumps usually operate at a speed between 1,700 rpm and 4,500 rpm, and larger models most often. Hydraulics nptel online videos, courses iit video lectures. Nptel syllabus fundamentals of industrial oil hydraulics and pneumatics web course course outline introduction to hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
The most common fluid is based on mineral oil, but some systems require fire resistance because of their proximity to a heat source or other fire hazard. Find topquality pumps, valves, tools, and more today. An example of a hydraulic structure would be a dam, which slows the normal flow rate of river in order to power turbines. Gear pumps are the most popular type of positive displacement pump. Northern hydraulics offers custom and original hydraulic components, along with expert repair services. In this lesson well examine fixed and variable displacement pumps commonly gear, vane, and piston used to drive hydraulic systems as well as discuss volumetric efficiency, pressure compensated. As there is no change in pressure elevation before and after the impact and neglecting losses due to impact, no force is exerted on the fluid by the plate in s. When a hydraulic pump operates, it performs two functions. Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and turbines jyhcherng shieh department of bioindustrial mechatronics engineering national taiwan university. Lecture 7 hydraulic pumps learning objectives upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to. If pump flow is totally blocked, sudden failure of the pump or other component will occur. Evaluate the performance of hydraulic circuits using various hydraulic elements. Northern hydraulics hydraulic pumps, valves, motors and more.
Fenton useful reading and reference material historical works garbrecht, g. Applications, basic types and constructions of hydraulic pumps and motors. Their system of operation is very similar to that of hydraulic pumps. Download hydraulics and pneumatics ebook free in pdf and epub format. Pdf hydraulics and pneumatics download ebook for free. In the case of stationary hydraulics, however, mainly solenoid valves are used.
We will look at fundamental principles and how they pertain to hydraulic systems. Hydraulic pumps parts and components dta hydraulics. Lack of maintenance of hydraulic systems is the leading cause of component and system failure yet most maintenance personnel dont understand proper maintenance techniques of a hydraulic system. Pumps and pumping system bureau of energy efficiency 115 figure 6. Now units with externalexternal gears are called as external gear pumps and motors and units with internalinternal gears are called as internal gear pump or. Based on the construction, hydrostatic pumps are classified. Hydraulic structures a hydraulic structure is a structure submerged or partially submerged in any body of water, which disrupts the natural flow of water. With a proper valve arrangement and pipe conduit connection at blocked end of the cylinder it is possible to. Because the gears are supported on both sides, external gear pumps are used for high pressure applications such as hydraulics. Fundamentals of industrial oil hydraulics and pneumatics. The impellers may be mounted on the same shaft or on different shafts. A area in 2 torque is a twisting force that is found by multiplying the force times the distance.
Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A hydraulic linear actuator suitable for this application is the ram, shown schematically in figure 1. The basics behind a fluid or hydraulic pump is a machine which transfers the energy from its moving parts to the fluid oil, water, hightemperature air, and even electrons passing through the machine. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. In the case of stationary hydraulics, however, mainly solenoid valves are. A hydraulic circuit, whether it is simple or complex uses the basic hydraulic principles discussed on the. This text then examines the three different types of positive displacement pump used in hydraulic systems, namely, gear pumps, vane pumps, and. Mohanty,department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur. It is a hydraulic machine which converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. So this means that or in other words we should say, the pump in hydrostatic units does not pump the pressure. How to synchronize hydraulic cylinders solution 3 multiple pumps load 1 v1 v2 2 q1 q2 fig.
Lecture 24 hydraulic circuit design and analysis learning objectives upon completion of this chapter, the student should be able to. This consists of a movable piston con nected directly to the output shaft. Lecture 24 lecture 24 hydraulic circuit design and. The hydraulic pressure causes the hydraulic motor to turn which spins the generator. Pumps of this type are called double volute pumps they may also be referred to a split volute pumps. Essentially, pneumatic pumps use air in the same way that hydraulic pumps use.
If the actual pump flow at 1800rpm and rated pressure is 0. Hydraulic pumps are capable of pushing large amounts of oil through hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic motors. Turbines which extract hydraulic energy available in a fluid and convert it into mechanical energy power to rotate a shaft. The power p of any rotary hydraulic pump depends upon the density. Positive displacement pumps allow liquid to flow into an open cavity trap the liquid in the pump transport liquid from the suction to discharge port mechanically force liquid out of the pump.
Pump classification hydrodynamic or nonpositive displacement pumps hydrostatic or positive displacement pumps. Gear pumps are often used in pumping relatively viscous liquids, such as some viscous liquid hydrocarbons, liquid fuels, lubrication oil pumping in machinery packages, hydraulic units and fluid power transfer units. For long service life, safety reasons, and reliable operation of hydraulic circuits, it is very important to use the correct fluid for the application. Twopump arrangement internal leakage changes pump delivery as pressure changes. The energy transferred from the pump to the fluid appears as the pressure and velocity of the fluid. Centrifugal pumps develop pressure by increasing the velocity of the liquid liquid is literally flung out of the cutwater. Net positive suction head is an important element in the proper selection of both centrifugal and positive displacement type pumps and each type has its own set of considerations. Implementation of geotechnical engineering principles. Lean about about the concept of hydraulic pumps, how theyre constructed, and the working. A centrifugal pump containing two or more impellers is called a multistage centrifugal pump. Calculate the speed, pressure and loadcarrying capacity of hydraulic circuits. Nptel mechanical mechatronics and manufacturing automation. Hydraulic circuits and components this study guide will discuss basic hydraulic systems. We will also learn about various hydraulic components and their function.
Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and. It is called positive displacement reciprocating pump. A typical example of this arrangement side of the second pump figure. Flow friction head sometimes called dynamic head loss is the friction loss, on the liquid being moved, in pipes, valves and equipment in the system. Hydraulic systems lecture 1 introduction energia zero. Here you can download the free lecture notes of hydraulics and hydraulic machinery notes pdf hhm notes pdf materials with multiple file linksthe hydraulics and hydraulic machinery pdf notes hhm pdf notes. Pump converts mechanical energy provided by prime mover to fluid energy. To get a knowledge of various types of dam understand the different elements of dam. Hydraulic pumpmotor division hydraulic pump basics types of hydraulic pumps centrifugal flow dependent on speed and outlet pressure primarily fluid transfer positive displacement flow dependent on speed and displacement, independent of pressure primarily fluid power. Hydraulic motor uses fluid energy and converts it to mechanical movement of the.
Design and construction of a hydraulic ram pum shuaibu n. In any troubleshooting situation, no matter how simple or complex the hydraulic system, always start with the basics. Essentially, pneumatic pumps use air in the same way that hydraulic pumps use fluids. Hydraulic machinery made easy gate handwritten notes download pdf. Hydraulics and hydraulic machinery notes pdf hhm notes pdf. Organized into eight chapters, this book begins with an overview of industrial prime movers. Introduction to fluid machinery turbines, pumps, blowers and. You can find most of the materialsnotes related to civil engineering.
Horsepower is proportional to pump rpm at constant differential pressure friction losses a function of flow squared volume displacement is directly proportional to pump rpm. In this fashion, the pump converts the mechanical energy of the drive i. General discussion on pumps and it types with animated working examples. In order for the obvious to be obvious, the fundamental laws. The length of the pipe from the source to pump site called the. Basic features of some hydraulic pumps and motors nptel.
The basic foundation to perform proper maintenance on a hydraulic system has two areas of concern. Mobile hydraulic systems move on wheels or tracks, for example, unlike stationary hydraulic systems which remain firmly fixed in one position. Hydraulic design of sewers and storm water drains lecture 7. Design and construction of a hydraulic ram pump from. Gear pumps are most commonly used for the hydraulic fluid power applications and are widely used in chemical installa tions to pump fluid with a cer tain viscosity. Hydraulic pumpmotor division hydraulic flow is developed as the pump rotating group is driven by a prime mover hydraulic pump basics fluid is forced out of pump at the pump outlet a partial vacuum is created at the pump inlet and atmospheric pressure forces fluid into pump from the reservoir. Courses principle of hydraulic machines and system design. Therefore, the accuracy of speed control is about 5%. Arup kumar sarma, department of civil engineering,iit guwahati. How to synchronize hydraulic cylinders sawyer systems llc. Volumetric output delivery rate or capacity is the amount of liquid that a pump can deliver at its outlet port per unit of time at a given drive speed, usually expressed in gpm or cubic inches per minute.
Fundamentals of fluid mechanics chapter 12 pumps and turbines. Featuring proprietary hardonhard technology in which the running surfaces exceed rockwell 65, oilgear pumps are some of the most rugged, longest lasting variabledisplacement pumps on the market. The fluid enters the pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially. The rotor shaft of an electrical power generator, placed in a wind or water current whereby the kinetic energy causes the rotor shaft to rotate, turns a hydraulic pump generating a hydraulic pressure.
Oilgear variabledisplacement, axialpiston pumps thrive on low viscosity fluids. Nptel syllabus fundamentals of industrial oil hydraulics. This book discusses the main advantages and disadvantages of pneumatic or hydraulic systems. Centrifugal pumps are commonly used to move liquids through a piping system. Explain various hydraulic circuits to control singleacting and doubleacting cylinders.
Unlike the competition, our pumps are not limited by bearing life. This text then examines the three different types of positive displacement pump used in hydraulic systems, namely, gear pumps, vane pumps, and piston pumps. The formula may be derived from consideration of the pump geometry or by dimensional analysis. Pumps, fans, blowers and compressors which impart hydraulic energy to a fluid by converting the mechanical energy available in a shaft. They can be used to divert, disrupt or completely stop the flow. Centrifugal pumps can also be constructed in a manner that results in two distinct volutes, each receiving the liquid that is discharged from a 180. Hydraulic machinery made easy gate handwritten notes. A gear pump has a 75mm outside diameter, a 50mm inside. May 18, 2016 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration.
This portable document format \pdf\ file contains bookmarks, thumbnails, and hyperlinks to help you navigate through the document. Read hydraulics and pneumatics online, read in mobile or kindle. Actual power delivered by the pump hydraulic power actual power delivered to the pump brake power. A hydraulic system a solution along hydraulic lines is shown in figure 1. Even in irrigation sector, not only in hydropower sector. Mohammed the difference in the height between the pump site and the paint of storage or use life. Fundamentals of industrial oil hydraulics and pneumatics by.
Twopump arrangement does not provide the flexibility to change lifting speed. The specific speed is a parameter used for pumps and turbines to determine the best design to match a given pumped system. The length of the pipe from the source to pump site called the drains pipe. Jul 23, 2014 performance of pump pumps are usually rated according to their volumetric output and pressure. As the gears in the pump rotate, suction is created at the inlet port of the pump. Demonstrate and understanding of advanced fluid mechanics principles. Now we shall consider all three types of basic units this means that we shall consider vane type, gear type and piston type. Pumps operating in series pumps operating in parallel. Design and construction of a hydraulic ram pump from leonardo. Both are capable of creating extremely amplified levels. Pumps operating in series pumps operating in parallel to connect two pumps in series means that the figure 15 presents a parallel configuration of discharge from the first pump is piped into the inlet two pumps. Differentiate between positive displacement and nonpositive displacement pumps.
Explain a regenerative circuit and determine the loadcarrying capacities. A characteristic feature of mobile hydraulics is that the valves are frequently manually operated. Hydraulic pumps are sources of power for many dynamic machines. The goal of this site is presently to help the undergraduates pursuing b. Spend time on studying, not for searching material to study. Symbols including fundamentals of fluid flow, fluids etc.
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